3.7.5. Causes of empty spikelets
Many factors can affect the filling of spikelets. Lodging, low light intensity, drying of the leaves, disease, or insect damage can cause a lack of starch. High temperature or dry winds can cause the stigma to dry and no fertilization to occur. Too much nitrogen at panicle formation can prevent normal spikelet devellopment. Low temperature or high humidity at flowering can prevent spikelet from opening.
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